Use-of-Force

1 Use of Force

# Load necessary libraries

# Reading and wrangling
library(googlesheets4)
library(readr)
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
library(lubridate)
library(DT)

# Plotting
library(ggplot2)
library(RColorBrewer)

# Tables
library(kableExtra)

# Load custom function
source("function_clean_facility_names.R", local = knitr::knit_global())

# Read Google Sheet incident worksheet, convert to data frame, and wrangle
df_324_inc <- read_sheet("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1im5VSi3bIEi13O8WQ56wEIXSyNEstbGMylXXgD9bAG0/edit#gid=1858227071",
                 sheet="G-324A-19-inc",
                 col_types = "c") %>% 
  clean_names() %>%
  
  # Run custom cleaning function
  clean_facility_names() %>% 


  # df_specific changes
  unite(date, year:month) %>% 
  mutate(facility = as.factor(facility),
         state = as.factor(state),
         date = ym(date)
         ) %>% 
  mutate_at(c(6:76), as.numeric)

1.1 Summary Tables

df_force <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       immediate_use_of_force_incidents:
       strip_searches
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_use_of_force = sum(c_across(
       immediate_use_of_force_incidents:
       strip_searches
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  immediate_use_of_force_incidents:total_use_of_force,
               names_to = "use_of_force_type",
               values_to = "use_of_force_count") %>%
  
  # Remove NA values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factors
  mutate(use_of_force_type = factor(use_of_force_type, levels = c(
    "immediate_use_of_force_incidents",
    "calculated_use_of_force_incidents",
    "uses_of_force_with_chemical_agents",
    "incidents_where_non_lethal_weapons_were_used",
    "number_of_times_4_5_point_restraints_were_used",
    "use_of_force_with_serious_injury",
    "strip_searches",
    "total_use_of_force"
  )))

df_force %>% 
  group_by(use_of_force_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Use of Force by Type` = sum(use_of_force_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Use of Force by Type",
        col.names = c("Use of Force Type", "Total Use of Force Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 1.1: Total Use of Force by Type

Use of Force Type	Total Use of Force Type
immediate_use_of_force_incidents	1184
calculated_use_of_force_incidents	325
uses_of_force_with_chemical_agents	362
incidents_where_non_lethal_weapons_were_used	18
number_of_times_4_5_point_restraints_were_used	97
use_of_force_with_serious_injury	2
strip_searches	20629
total_use_of_force	19170

df_force %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_use_of_force = sum(use_of_force_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_use_of_force)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Use of Force by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Use of Force by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 1.1: Total Use of Force by Facility

Facility	Total Use of Force by Facility
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	10782
La Palma Correctional Center	6022
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	4854
Worcester County Jail	3348
Essex County Correctional Facility	2620
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	2294
York County Prison	2017
Cambria County Prison	1500
Pike County Correctional Facility	1120
Hall County Department of Corrections	916
Teller County Jail	876
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	862
Eloy Detention Center	496
Bergen County Jail	294
Calhoun County Correctional Center	282
South Texas ICE Processing Center	254
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	234
Stewart Detention Center	174
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	164
Sherburne County Jail	150
Northwest ICE Processing Center	138
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	130
Glades County Detention Center	126
Folkston ICE Processing Center	122
Otay Mesa Detention Center	120
Montgomery Processing Center	116
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	112
Baker County Detention Center	92
Krome Service Processing Center	80
Aurora ICE Processing Center	66
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	66
El Paso Service Processing Center	66
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	66
River Correctional Center	66
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	60
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	56
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	54
Wakulla County Detention Facility	54
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	46
Irwin County Detention Center	42
Pulaski County Detention Center	42
Limestone County Detention Center	40
Prairieland Detention Center	40
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	38
Winn Correctional Center	36
Strafford County Department of Corrections	33
Bluebonnet Detention Center	32
Caroline Detention Facility	32
Johnson County Corrections Center	28
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	26
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	26
Boone County Jail	24
Houston Contract Detention Facility	24
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	24
Morrow County Correctional Facility	22
Catahoula Correctional Center	20
Polk County Adult Detention Center	20
Dodge County Detention Facility	18
Orange County Correctional Facility	18
Otero County Processing Center	18
Yuba County Jail	18
CCA Florence Correctional Center	16
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	16
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	16
Torrance County Detention Facility	16
Butler County Jail	14
Adams County Correctional Center	12
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	12
Eden Detention Center	12
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	12
Joe Corley Processing Center	12
Webb County Detention Center	12
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	10
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	10
Krome North Service Processing Center	10
Broward Transitional Center	8
Clinton County Correctional Facility	8
Nye County Detention Center	8
Rio Grande Detention Center	8
Clay County Jail	6
Richwood Correctional Center	6
Val Verde Correctional Facility	6
Florence Service Processing Center	4
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	4
Hardin County Jail	4
Henderson Detention Center	4
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	4
Seneca County Jail	4
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	4
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	2
El Valle Detention Facility	2
Geauga County Jail	2
Howard County Detention Center	2
Kay County Detention Center	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	2
Cass County Jail	1
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Carver County Jail	0
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Coastal Bend Detention Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
Jerome Combs Detention Center	0
Laredo Processing Center	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	0
Montgomery County Jail	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
Saint Clair County Jail	0
San Luis Regional Detention Center	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
West Texas Detention Facility	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

1.2 Facet Plot of Use of Force by Facility

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(8, "Paired")
plot_colors[8] <- "#000000"

# Create plot labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Immediate Use of Force Incidents",
    "Calculated Use of Force Incidents",
    "Uses of Force with Chemical Agents",
    "Incidents Where Non-Lethal Weapons Were Used",
    "Times 4/5 Point Restraints Used",
    "Use of Force With Serious Injury",
    "Strip Searches",
    "Total Disciplinary")

df_force %>% 
  
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = use_of_force_count, linetype=use_of_force_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = use_of_force_type), size = .65) +
  
  # setting the linetype
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Use of Force Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 8)
    )+
  
  # Setting the color
  scale_color_manual(
  values = plot_colors,
  labels = plot_labels,
  name = "Use of Force Type:",
  )+

  labs(title = "Disciplinary")+
  ylab("Number of Disciplinary Infractions")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

    # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =8))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)